OOCs and MPSs have now been commonly used for evaluating the effectiveness and toxicity of drugs to reduce the usage of animals (Huh et al., 2012b Low et al., 2021 Low and Tagle, 2017 Mehta et al., 2012). hMPSs create a biomimetic microenvironment for the continuous culture of these miniature organs with optimized tissue structure and cell composition similar to that in the corresponding human organs (Sunghee Estelle Park, 2019). In human organs-on-a-chip (OOC) systems or human microphysiological systems (hMPSs), functional miniature human organs are constructed using microfabrication and tissue-engineering techniques(Zheng et al., 2016). Unfortunately, these tissues did not survive long in vitro, and during surgery and sample preparation, immune cells inside the lung tissue were largely lost. reported that human lung tissues harvested from surgery of lung cancer patients were used to study virus proliferation and inflammatory cytokine expression in lung tissues(Chu et al., 2020). Human tissue-based models have also been established. Moreover, this process can be dangerous if the animals exhibit serious infectious disease.
#Storm in a teacup syllabus manual
On the other hand, animal models, as the most widely used 3D models, are limited because of structural differences from the human lung and the manual labor involved in the preparation of lung samples needed to characterize the changes in lung structure caused by infection. However, the 2D cell culture models are oversimplified in terms of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions with the result that their application to understanding human lung infections has been limited.
#Storm in a teacup syllabus full
2D cell culture technology has been used for a long time in the field of life sciences for the low cost, convenient preparation of seed cells, and full details of preliminary exploration. Two-dimensional cell culture models and animal models have been developed for studies of airborne infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 and SARS (Bao et al., 2020 Chan et al., 2020 Yu et al., 2020).
This Lung-MPS could provide an improved and more biomimetic sensory system for the study of COVID-19 and other high-risk infectious lung diseases. Finally, a deep-learning algorithm was developed to characterize the activation of cells in this Lung-MPS. Furthermore, an integrated microdroplet/aerosol transmission system was fabricated and employed to study the propagation of pseudovirus particles containing microdroplets in integrated Lung-MPSs. We observed amplified inflammatory signals through the dynamic interactions among macrophages, epithelium, endothelium, and circulating monocytes. Here, we report the development of an improved human lung physiological system (Lung-MPS) with both alveolar and pulmonary bronchial chambers that permits the integration of multiple immune cells into the system. Although this model provides a powerful tool for lung alveolar disease modeling, it still lacks interactions among immune cells, such as macrophages and monocytes, and the mimic of air flow and aerosol transmission between lung-chips is missing. Pioneers in organ-on-a-chip research have developed lung alveoli-on-a-chip and connected two lung chips with direct tubing and flow. The 2D based cell culture models – culturing of lung epithelium – have long existed but lack multiple key physiological conditions, such as the involvement of different types of immune cells and the creation of connected lung models to study viral or bacterial infection between different individuals. Creating a biomimetic in vitro lung model to recapitulate the infection and inflammatory reactions has been an important but challenging task for biomedical researchers.
0 kommentar(er)
